clinical macroelectrode  (Microelectrodes Inc)

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reactivation of seizure-related changes to interictal spike shape and synchrony during post-seizure sleep in patients

doi: 10.1111/epi.13614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of post-seizure changes in IIS from macroelectrodes on a single depth electrode. In each panel, IIS are shown for slow-wave sleep (SWS) on the top row and Wake on the bottom row. Each column shows data from a specific behavioral epoch (left-to-right: Control epoch before a time-shifted seizure, Control epoch after a time-shifted seizure, Pre epoch before the actual seizure, Near-Onset before the seizure, and Post epoch after the actual seizure. The average time relative to seizure onset in each case is shown in parentheses.) The black line shows the mean IIS waveform. Cyan bands show one standard deviation above and below the mean. Text in the upper left of each panel shows the CC for that behavioral epoch relative to the Near-Onset waveform. A. The most distal macroelectrode, which was located in hippocampus and within the seizure onset zone. B. Macroelectrode located in the Superior Temporal gyrus and outside the seizure onset zone. C. Macroelectrode adjacent to that shown in B, but located in Angular gyrus and outside the seizure onset zone. IIS during Near-Onset and both SWS and Wake following the seizure differ from those preceding the seizure. ('*' signifies p<.05, t-test).

Article Snippet: Hybrid, polyurethane depth electrodes (diameter 1.3 mm, AD-Tech Medical Instrument Corp., Racine, WI) containing platinum-iridium clinical macroelectrodes (4 or 8 contact, 2.3 mm long, 5 or 10 mm spacing, 200–500 Ω) and research microelectrodes (9 or 18 oriented radially along the shaft between macro contacts and a bundle of 9 extending from the tip, 40 µm diameter, 500–1000 kΩ) were placed stereotactically into the mesial temporal lobe using an occipital or lateral approach.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reactivation of seizure-related changes to interictal spike shape and synchrony during post-seizure sleep in patients

doi: 10.1111/epi.13614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation coefficient of IIS show Seizure-Related Consolidation (SRC) specific to Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS). A. Each dot shows the difference (during Post epoch minus during Pre epoch) in correlation coefficient (CC) between two macroelectrodes as a function of the CC in the 10 min preceding seizures. Differences in CCs increased during SWS as function of the magnitude of CC prior to the seizure, but not during Wake ('*' p<.05, beta regression). Dot color denotes patient, as shown in the legend at right. B. Beta regression coefficients during SWS and Wake for 1 min "seizure" time bins relative to seizure onset. The Loess confidence interval (gray band) for Wake (cyan) never differs from zero for the entire 30 min window prior to seizure onset. The confidence interval for SWS (magenta), however, is greater than both zero and the Wake confidence interval for most of the 30 min prior to seizure onset, except for the last few minutes prior to onset, when the confidence intervals overlap. The black bar at upper right denotes the 10 min time window used to compute the values shown in panel A. Circles denote macroelectrode pairs that are used as examples in Figure 5.

Article Snippet: Hybrid, polyurethane depth electrodes (diameter 1.3 mm, AD-Tech Medical Instrument Corp., Racine, WI) containing platinum-iridium clinical macroelectrodes (4 or 8 contact, 2.3 mm long, 5 or 10 mm spacing, 200–500 Ω) and research microelectrodes (9 or 18 oriented radially along the shaft between macro contacts and a bundle of 9 extending from the tip, 40 µm diameter, 500–1000 kΩ) were placed stereotactically into the mesial temporal lobe using an occipital or lateral approach.

Techniques:

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reactivation of seizure-related changes to interictal spike shape and synchrony during post-seizure sleep in patients

doi: 10.1111/epi.13614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Examples of IIS synchrony changes following a seizure based on correlation during Near-Onset. A. "Low" Near-Onset correlation pair circled in Figure 4. A.1 Average IIS ± one standard deviation for two macroelectrodes shown in cyan and yellow. IIS on the two macroelectrodes are centered to the peak of IIS recorded on the cyan waveform. Areas of overlap between the two appear as green. top row: Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS), bottom row: Wake, left column: Pre epoch before the seizure; right column: Post epoch after the seizure, middle: Near-Onset epoch. Time and voltage scales are shown on the Near-Onset panel and are consistent across all panels. The low Near-Onset correlation persists into post-seizure SWS and Wake, where the overlap between IIS recorded from the two macroelectrodes decreases (i.e., the yellow and cyan areas are more visible). A.2 Expanded time view around the IIS peak during SWS (top) Pre epoch before the seizure, (middle) Near-Onset and (bottom) Post epoch after the seizure. Dotted lines show the peak and trough of the Near-Onset average waveform for IIS from the cyan waveform. Changes to IIS synchrony for the yellow waveform after the seizure reflect changes during the Near-Onset: (a) The peak of IIS recorded for the yellow waveforms shifts backwards relative to IIS recorded from the cyan waveforms. B. "High" Near-Onset correlation pair circled in Figure 4. B.1 Panel arrangement is the same as in A.1. The high Near-Onset correlation persists into Post-seizure SWS and Wake, where the overlap between IIS recorded from the two macroelectrodes increases (i.e., the green area signifying overlap increases). B.2 Expanded time view around IIS during SWS, as described in A.2. The (b) valley and (c) peak of IIS recorded for the yellow waveforms shifts forward in time during Near-Onset and Post epoch after the seizure with respect to the cyan IIS waveform.

Article Snippet: Hybrid, polyurethane depth electrodes (diameter 1.3 mm, AD-Tech Medical Instrument Corp., Racine, WI) containing platinum-iridium clinical macroelectrodes (4 or 8 contact, 2.3 mm long, 5 or 10 mm spacing, 200–500 Ω) and research microelectrodes (9 or 18 oriented radially along the shaft between macro contacts and a bundle of 9 extending from the tip, 40 µm diameter, 500–1000 kΩ) were placed stereotactically into the mesial temporal lobe using an occipital or lateral approach.

Techniques: Standard Deviation

Journal: Epilepsia

Article Title: Reactivation of seizure-related changes to interictal spike shape and synchrony during post-seizure sleep in patients

doi: 10.1111/epi.13614

Figure Lengend Snippet: Seizure-Related Consolidation of IIS is strongest when at least one electrode is within the seizure onset zone. Across-subject beta regression scores grouped by electrode location relative to seizure onset zone (SOZ) were positive for all groups during SWS (magenta), but were largest for the "Inside" and "Across" groups. Scores during Wake (cyan) only differed from zero when both macroelectrodes were "Inside" SOZ, but then the changes were anti-correlated with Near-Onset activity.

Article Snippet: Hybrid, polyurethane depth electrodes (diameter 1.3 mm, AD-Tech Medical Instrument Corp., Racine, WI) containing platinum-iridium clinical macroelectrodes (4 or 8 contact, 2.3 mm long, 5 or 10 mm spacing, 200–500 Ω) and research microelectrodes (9 or 18 oriented radially along the shaft between macro contacts and a bundle of 9 extending from the tip, 40 µm diameter, 500–1000 kΩ) were placed stereotactically into the mesial temporal lobe using an occipital or lateral approach.

Techniques: Activity Assay